Novel aromatic carboxamides from dehydroabietylamine as potential fungicides: Design,synthesis and antifungal evaluation

The present study was carried out to design and synthesize a number of novel aromatic carboxamide derivatives of dehydroabietylamine. The preliminary antifungal assay indicated that most of title compounds displayed moderate to good antifungal activity toward the six fungal strains in vitro. Compounds 3i, 3q, 4b and 4d showed significant antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 0.067 ～ 0.393 mg/L. Compounds 3i, 4b and 4d also showed pronounced mycelial growth inhibition activities against B. cinerea and A. solani. Furthermore, in the in vivo assay, compound 4b exhibited brilliant protective activity against S. sclerotiorum-infected rape leaves. Meanwhile, the in vivo bioassay on tomato plants infected by B. cinerea showed that compound 3i and 4d displayed excellent protective activity at 200 mg/L, which were near to boscalid. Primary mechanistic study revealed that 4b could inhibit sclerotia formation as well as reduce the exopolysaccharide level. SEM and TEM analysis indicated that 4b possessed a strong ability to destroy the surface morphology of mycelia, cell structure and seriously interfere with the growth of the fungal pathogen. In addition, 4b exhibited good inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 23.3 ± 1.6 μM) toward succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Molecular modeling study confirmed the binding modes between compound 4b and SDH. The above antifungal results and fungicidal mechanism study revealed that this class of dehydroabietylamine derivatives could be potential SDH inhibitors and lead compounds for novel fungicides development.     

微分学中构造函数的新方法

结合实例将常微分方程中的首次积分和特征方程理论应用于微分学中函数的构造,从而使之有章可循.     

线性不对称损失时非正态分布过程均值优化

针对常见的两种非正态分布———梯形分布和三角分布，研究线性不对称质量损失时其过程均值的优化问题，建立了梯形分布在五种不同情况下线性不对称质量损失的数学模型，基于以上模型给出了线性不对称质量损失时梯形分布最优过程均值的确定方法；研究三角分布在四种不同情况下线性不对称质量损失的数学模型，并给出了线性不对称质量损失时三角分布最优过程均值的确定方法。最后，用实例验证本过程均值优化模型的有效性。实例表明，应用线性不对称损失函数，适当的改变过程均值，可以有效地降低产品的质量损失，通过调整工艺过程将获得最佳经济效益。     

再谈Minc-Sathre不等式的上下界

用调和平均值、均值不等式之间的关系及对数平均不等式,对Minc-Sathre不等式的上下界进行改进,使结论更精确.     

含中介值ξ-η-ζ等式的证明方法

介绍含三个中介值ξ-η-ζ等式的几种证明方法,并结合实例加以说明.     

Influence of the mode of deformation on recrystallisation kinetics in Nickel through experiments,theory and phase field model

Abstract

In this paper, we report the influence of the mode of deformation on recrystallisation kinetics through experiments, theory and a phase field model. Ni samples of 99.6% purity are subjected to torsion and rolling at two equivalent plastic strains and the recrystallisation kinetics and microstructure are compared experimentally. Due to significant differences in the distributions of the nuclei and stored energy for the same equivalent strain, large differences are observed in the recrystallisation kinetics of rolled and torsion-tested samples. Next, a multi-phase field model is developed in order to understand and predict the kinetics and microstructural evolution. The coarse-grained free energy parameters of the phase field model are taken to be a function of the stored energy. In order to account for the observed differences in recrystallisation kinetics, the phase field mobility parameter is a required constitutive input. The mobility is calculated by developing a mean field model of the recrystallisation process assuming that the strain free nuclei grow in a uniform stored energy field. The activation energy calculated from the mobilities obtained from the mean field calculation compares very well with the activation energy obtained from the kinetics of recrystallisation. The recrystallisation kinetics and microstructure as characterised by grain size distribution obtained from the phase field simulations match the experimental results to good accord. The novel combination of experiments, phase field simulations and mean field model facilitates a quantitative prediction of the microstructural evolution and kinetics.     

Beta-type means

Abstract

Based on the relationship between the Beta and the Euler Gamma function, beta-type functions of several variables, generated by a single variable function, are introduced. Applying the method of iterative functional equations, all means of beta-type are determined and some of their properties are discussed.     

First stability eigenvalue characterization of CMC Hopf tori into Riemannian Killing submersions

We find out upper bounds for the first eigenvalue of the stability operator for compact constant mean curvature orientable surfaces immersed in a Riemannian Killing submersion. As a consequence, the strong stability of such surfaces is studied. We also characterize constant mean curvature Hopf tori as the only ones attaining the bound in certain cases.     

An even earlier (1717) usage of the expression “golden section”

In a previous article in this journal, Roger Herz-Fischler has pointed out an early usage of the expression “golden section” from 1789. In this note an even earlier usage from 1717 is discussed.